As far as I can tell, the
Ullambana Festival is a purely East Asian affair, ultimately deriving as it does from a Chinese Mahayana scripture. We actually studied the sutra in Stir-Fry Civ because it represents an early attempt to reconcile the ideals of Buddhist non-attachments and Confucian filial piety. The incarnation of the festival most widely recognised in the West is probably
O-bon; I think many have also heard of the Chinese
(Hungry) Ghost Festival even if they are unclear on when it is observed. (I know it always sneaks up on me.) But the Korean
Baekjung (백중--the hanja used are variously 百中, 百種, or 白中) and the Vietnamese
Vu-lan-bồn are so obscure that they're only known to me from books. I suppose that's not surprising since these are much more thoroughly religious festivals than holidays like New Year's or the
Autumn Moon Festival, primarily observed out of the public eye in Buddhist temples.
As I mentioned before, the only Chinese cemetery I know about is located in the southwest corner of
Rosehill Cemetery, near the intersection of Western and Balmoral. It's relatively new (I can't remember if it was there when I moved to Chicago) and divided into roughly four sections. Approaching from the east, one first passes an even newer, Jewish section called הר ורד or
Har Vered--"Rose Hill" in Hebrew. (The older Jewish section has been located at the south end for a long time, and it is gorgeous.) On the other side of the hedge is the Teochew section, followed by the Korean section, a landscaped pond, and finally, on a bit of raised ground across an access road, another Chinese section.
Two things struck me about each of these areas: First, the orientation of the graves varies from section to section. In both the Chinese sections, they face east, but the Korean headstones are oriented toward the south. Near the pond, there isn't any consistency; the smattering of graves on the east side face out over the water, but the walled-off sections to the south have orientations both to the south and the north. Second, each section seems to be identified by a particular marker.
( The Teochew Section )( The Korean Section )( By the pond )( The main Chinese section )For the most part, I didn't come across any remarkable names, though two did stand out. One is "Ear Khim", whose Chinese name isn't anything that could remotely be romanised that way. (I suspect that he adopted a Cambodian name that bore no direct phonetic relationship to his Chinese name, in much the way that Chef Jeff uses a Thai name that has no obvious resemblance to his Teochew one.) And then in the Teochew section there was a "Vivathnea Thor". Again, the rendering looks Khmer-influenced (I'm assuming a relationship to the Thai name commonly romanised
Vivathana), but there was no Chinese on the stone for purposes of comparison.
Edit: Oh, and there was one stone with the curious words "Pháp danh: Thiên-trí". Turns out
pháp danh is the equivalent of 法名
fámíng--i.e. "dharma name" or (Buddhist) "name in religion".