आज का शब्द / آج كا شبد / ਅੱਜ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ

[muckefuck]

गांड़ / گانڙ gaaMR "arse, buttocks" (< Sanskrit गण्डः gaNDah "cheek"; cf. Panjabi ਗੰਡ gaND "idem.")

This is a vulgarity used liberally in the modern Mumbai crime novel I'm reading, so I was more than a little surprised to find not only it in Platts but also a variety of idioms incorporating it. For instance, the worrying गांड़ फटना gaaMR phaaRnaa (lit. "arse tearing") "get into a funk, ge frightened, come under pressure" and the puzzling गांड़-गलत gaaMR galat (lit. "arse-error") "senseless, stupefied". Of course, more literal expressions were there as well, e.g. गांड़मराओ gaaMR-maraao (lit. "arse-strikee") "catamite". (As I told monshu, best not to think too deeply about what Victorian Englishmen would need such vocabulary for.)

More recent idioms incorporating the word include गांड़ मत्ती gaaMR mastee (lit. "arse intoxication") which seems to mean something along the lines of "screwing around" and गांड़ चौड़ी करके घूमना gasaMR chauRee karke ghoomnaa (a vulgar twist on लम्बी चौड़ी हांकना lambee chauRee haMkaa "boast"). But by far the most common derivative in modern use seems to be गांडू gaaNDoo [note the lack of lenition] which originally meant "sodomite" and is now a general term of a abuse, particularly for a weak or timorous man.

Strangely, the word गांड़ isn't in Shabdkosh, but a term of similar meaning is गुदा / گدا / ਗੁਦਾ gudaa "anus" which appears in such phrases as गुदा द्वार / ਗੁਦਾ-ਦੁਆਰ gudaa dwaar "arsehole" (द्वार dwaar "door, entryway") and गुदा मैथुन gudaa maithun "anal sex".

Comments

[muckefuck.livejournal.com]

I guess it depends on whether you view "escaping" consisting more of deliberately avoiding (active) or just not getting caught (stative). Participially, someone would only be described as "escaping" during the actual moment of a jailbreak; otherwise, they are "escaped". (Note the parallel to retire.)

[richardthinks.livejournal.com]

I see this being used adjectivally, as in "he is an escaped prisoner," but I don't think I've ever come across "they are escaped" as a participle, only "they have escaped" - sounds archaic to me.

...King James Bible, acts 28:1: "And when they were escaped, then they knew that the island was called Melita" rendered "And when they had escaped, then they knew that the isle was called Melita" in Webster's Bible. Not sure what to think.

[muckefuck.livejournal.com]

Um...whether it's used predicatively or attributively, it's a participle either way. My point was "escaped prisoner" but ?"escaping prisoner"? Given that -ee is originally derived from a past participial form, this may be significant. Again, consider:

*devoting person -- devoted person -- devotee, *devoter
?retiring person -- retired person -- retiree, *retirer
?escaping person -- escaped person -- escapee, ?escaper
standing person -- *standed person -- standee, ?stander

Looking at that, now I'm wondering to what expect aspect is involved. There's a certain habitual aspect to -er that isn't necessarily present in -ee. For instance, a runner isn't someone who ran once, but someone who runs regularly (generally as a sport). "Escaper" would seem to imply someone who escapes regularly, not someone who has attempted it once. This would help explain the participle distribution, since the present participle is used for ongoing events whereas the past participle indicates completed events (and the states arising from them).